Umthombo kawoyela ongahluziwe kanye nezimo zokwakheka kwawo

I-Petroleum noma i-crude iwuhlobo lwento ephilayo yemvelo eyinkimbinkimbi, ukwakheka okuyinhloko yi-carbon (C) ne-hydrogen (H), okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kuvamise ukuba ngu-80% -88%, i-hydrogen ingu-10% -14%, futhi iqukethe inani elincane umoya-mpilo (O), isulfure (S), i-nitrogen (N) nezinye izakhi. Izithako ezakhiwe ngalezi zakhi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-hydrocarbon. Kunguphethiloli wezinsalela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni uphethiloli, udizili, nezinye izinto zokubasa, okokugcoba, njll.

I-Crude iwumthombo obaluleke kakhulu eMhlabeni, osebenza njengesisekelo sezimboni eziningi nezokuthutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwayo kuhlotshaniswa eduze nezimo zokukhiqizwa kwemithombo ye-petroleum. Ukwakhiwa kwemithombo ye-petroleum kuhlobene kakhulu nokubekwa kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nesakhiwo sokwakheka komhlaba. I-organic matter ikakhulukazi isukela ezinsalela zezinto eziphilayo zasendulo nezinsalela zezitshalo, eziguqulwa kancane kancane zibe izinto ze-hydrocarbon ngaphansi kwezinqubo ze-geological futhi ekugcineni zenze i-petroleum. Isakhiwo sokwakheka komhlaba sihlanganisa esinye sezimo ezibalulekile zokwakheka kwemithombo ye-petroleum, ehlanganisa imvelo ye-paleogeographic, umgodi we-sedimentary, kanye nokunyakaza kwe-tectonic.

Izimo zokukhiqizwa kwemithombo ye-petroleum ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa ukunqwabelana okucebile kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nesakhiwo esifanele sokwakheka komhlaba. Okokuqala, ukunqwabelana okuningi kwezinto eziphilayo kusebenza njengesisekelo sokwakhiwa kwemithombo ye-petroleum. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zemvelo, inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo kancane kancane liguqulwa libe izinto ze-hydrocarbon ngokusebenzisa izenzo zegeological, ngaleyo ndlela kwakheka i-petroleum. Okwesibili, isakhiwo esifanelekile sokwakheka komhlaba singesinye sezimo ezibalulekile zokwakhiwa kwemithombo ye-petroleum. Isibonelo, ukunyakaza kwe-tectonic kubangela ukuwohloka nokuphuka kwe-strata, okudala izimo zokunqwabelana nokugcinwa kwamafutha.

Ngamafuphi nje, uwoyela uwumthombo wamandla obalulekile obalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komphakathi nomnotho wesimanje. Noma kunjalo, sidinga futhi ukuvuma umthelela omubi wokusetshenziswa kukawoyela endaweni kanye nesimo sezulu, futhi sisebenzele ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bamandla athuthukile, obufana ne-hydrocyclonic deoiling / desanding, floatation, ultrasonic, njll. ukuze sizuze intuthuko esimeme.