Umthombo weoli ekrwada kunye neemeko zokubunjwa kwayo

I-petroleum okanye ekrwada luhlobo lwendalo entsonkothileyo yendalo, eyona nto iphambili yikhabhoni (C) kunye nehydrogen (H), umxholo wekhabhoni uqhelekile ku-80% -88%, ihydrogen yi-10% -14%, kwaye iqulethe isixa esincinci ioksijini (O), isulfure (S), initrogen (N) kunye nezinye izinto. Imixube eyenziwe zezi zinto ibizwa ngokuba zii-hydrocarbons. Ngamafutha efosili esetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimveliso yepetroli, idizili, kunye nezinye izibaso, izithambiso, njl.

Ikrwada sisixhobo esixabiseke kakhulu eMhlabeni, sisebenza njengesiseko semizi-mveliso emininzi kunye nezothutho. Ngaphezu koko, ukubunjwa kwayo kuhambelana ngokusondeleyo neemeko zemveliso yemithombo yepetroleum. Ukwenziwa kwemithombo yepetroleum inxulumene ikakhulu nokubekwa kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nokwakheka kwejoloji. Izinto eziphilayo zivela ikakhulu kwiintsalela zezinto eziphilayo zamandulo kunye neentsalela zezityalo, ezithi ngokuthe ngcembe ziguqulwe zibe zizinto ze-hydrocarbon phantsi kweenkqubo zejoloji kwaye ekugqibeleni zenze i-petroleum. Ubume bokwakheka komhlaba yinxalenye yeemeko ezibalulekileyo zokuyilwa kwemithombo yepetroleum, equka indalo engqongileyo yendalo, intlenga, kunye nentshukumo ye-tectonic.

Iimeko zemveliso yepetroleum ikakhulu ziquka ukuqokelelwa okutyebileyo kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nesakhiwo esifanelekileyo sokwakheka komhlaba. Okokuqala, ukuqokelelwa okuninzi kwezinto eziphilayo kusebenza njengesiseko sokwenziwa kwemithombo yepetroleum. Phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo zokusingqongileyo, isixa esikhulu sezinto eziphilayo ziguqulwa ngokuthe ngcembe zibe zizinto ze-hydrocarbon ngokwezenzo zejoloji, ngokwenza njalo zenze i-petroleum. Okwesibini, ubume bejoloji obufanelekileyo bukwayenye yeemeko ezibalulekileyo zokusekwa kwemithombo yepetroleum. Ngokomzekelo, ukunyakaza kwe-tectonic kubangela ukuguqulwa kunye nokuphuka kwe-strata, ukudala iimeko zokuqokelela ioli kunye nokugcinwa.

Ngamafutshane, ioyile ngumthombo wamandla obalulekileyo oyimfuneko kuphuhliso loluntu noqoqosho lwale mihla. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka sivume impembelelo engalunganga yokusetyenziswa kweoyile kokusingqongileyo kunye nemozulu, kwaye sisebenzele ukuphuhlisa itekhnoloji yamandla ephucukileyo, efana ne-hydrocyclonic deoiling / desanding, floating, ultrasonic, njl.njl. ukufezekisa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo.