Gwero la mafuta osakhwima ndi momwe amapangidwira

Petroleum kapena yosakanizidwa ndi mtundu wa zinthu zovuta zachilengedwe, zomwe zimapangidwira kwambiri ndi kaboni (C) ndi haidrojeni (H), zomwe zili mu kaboni nthawi zambiri zimakhala 80% -88%, hydrogen ndi 10% -14%, ndipo imakhala ndi pang'ono mpweya (O), sulfure (S), nayitrogeni (N) ndi zinthu zina. Zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthuzi zimatchedwa ma hydrocarbon. Ndi mafuta amafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mafuta, dizilo, ndi mafuta ena, mafuta, ndi zina.

Crude ndi chida chamtengo wapatali kwambiri padziko lapansi, chomwe chimagwira ntchito ngati maziko a mafakitale ambiri ndi zoyendera. Kuphatikiza apo, mapangidwe ake amagwirizana kwambiri ndi momwe amapangira mafuta a petroleum. Mapangidwe a mafuta a petroleum amagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuyika kwa zinthu zachilengedwe komanso kapangidwe ka geological. Organic zinthu makamaka zimachokera ku zotsalira za zamoyo zakale ndi zotsalira za zomera, zomwe zimasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono kukhala zinthu za hydrocarbon pansi pa njira za geological ndipo potsirizira pake zimapanga mafuta. Kapangidwe ka geological ndi imodzi mwamikhalidwe yofunika kwambiri pakupanga mafuta a petroleum, kuphatikiza chilengedwe cha paleogeographic, beseni la sedimentary, ndi kayendedwe ka tectonic.

Kapangidwe ka mafuta a petroleum makamaka kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe komanso kapangidwe kake koyenera. Choyamba, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zakuthupi kumakhala ngati maziko opangira mafuta a petroleum. Pamalo oyenerera chilengedwe, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zamoyo kumasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono kukhala zinthu za hydrocarbon kudzera muzochitika za geological, motero kupanga mafuta. Kachiwiri, mawonekedwe oyenera a geological nawonso ndi amodzi mwamikhalidwe yofunika kwambiri pakupanga mafuta amafuta. Mwachitsanzo, kusuntha kwa tectonic kumayambitsa kusinthika ndi kusweka kwa strata, kumapangitsa kuti mafuta achuluke ndi kusungidwa.

Mwachidule, mafuta ndi gawo lofunikira la mphamvu zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwachuma komanso chikhalidwe chamakono. Komabe, tiyeneranso kuvomereza zoipa za ntchito mafuta pa chilengedwe ndi nyengo, ndi ntchito kukhala patsogolo mphamvu umisiri, monga hydrocyclonic deoiling / desanding, zoyandama, akupanga, etc. kukwaniritsa chitukuko zisathe.