ʻO ke kumu o kaʻailaʻaila a me nā kūlana no ka hanaʻana

ʻO ka ʻaila a i ʻole ka crude kahi ʻano o nā mea kūlohelohe kūlohelohe paʻakikī, ʻo ka mea nui ke kalapona (C) a me ka hydrogen (H), ʻo ka ʻona kalapona ma ke ʻano he 80% -88%, ʻo ka hydrogen ka 10% -14%, a loaʻa kahi liʻiliʻi o oxygen (O), sulfur (S), nitrogen (N) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ua kapa ʻia nā pūhui i haku ʻia o kēia mau mea he hydrocarbons. He wahie fossil i hoʻohana mua ʻia i ka hana ʻana i ka ʻaila, diesel, a me nā wahie ʻē aʻe, lubricants, etc.

He kumu waiwai nui ka Crude ma ka Honua, e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he kumu no nā ʻoihana he nui a me ka halihali. Eia kekahi, pili pono kona hoʻokumu ʻana me nā kūlana hana o nā kumuwaiwai aila. ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai ʻaila e pili nui ana i ka waiho ʻana o nā mea organik a me ke ʻano geological. ʻO ka mea olaola ke kumu nui mai nā koena o nā meaola kahiko a me nā koena mea kanu, i hoʻololi liʻiliʻi ʻia i mau mea hydrocarbon ma lalo o nā kaʻina hana honua a lilo i ka ʻaila. ʻO ke ʻano ʻano honua kekahi o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai ʻaila, e hoʻopuni ana i ka ʻāina paleogeographic, sedimentary basin, a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka tectonic.

ʻO nā kūlana hana o nā kumuwaiwai ʻaila e hoʻopili nui i ka hōʻiliʻili waiwai o nā mea organik a me kahi ʻano geological kūpono. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili nui ʻana o nā mea olaola ke kumu no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai aila. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kaiapuni kūpono, ua hoʻololi mālie ʻia ka nui o nā mea ola i loko o nā mea hydrocarbon ma o nā hana geological, a laila e hana ai i ka ʻaila. ʻO ka lua, ʻo ke kūkulu ʻāina kūpono kekahi o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai ʻaila. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka neʻe tectonic ke kumu o ka deformation a me ka haʻihaʻi ʻana o ka strata, e hana ana i nā kūlana no ka hōʻiliʻili aila a me ka mālama ʻana.

Ma kahi huaʻōlelo, ʻo ka aila kahi kumu waiwai koʻikoʻi e pono ai no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kaiāulu a me ka hoʻokele waiwai. Eia nō naʻe, pono mākou e hoʻomaopopo i ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka aila i ke kaiapuni a me ke aniau, a hana e hoʻomohala i nā ʻenehana ikehu holomua, e like me ka hydrocyclonic deoiling / desanding, floatation, ultrasonic, etc.